Quiz Chapter 9: Ecosystem

1. Remora fish attach themselves to sharks to feed on food scraps without harming or benefiting the shark. What type of relationship is this?

1. Mutualism
2. Parasitism
3. Commensalism
4. Predation

2. What happens to species diversity as ecological succession progresses toward a climax community?

1. Species diversity decreases steadily to zero
2. Species diversity remains entirely unchanged
3. Species diversity increases and structural complexity stabilizes
4. Only pioneer species survive

3. Which organism functions as a decomposer in a forest ecosystem?

1. Green algae
2. Saprophytic mushroom
3. Herbivorous caterpillar
4. Carnivorous hawk

4. Why is approximately 90% of energy lost between adjacent trophic levels in a food chain?

1. Energy is destroyed by soil decomposers
2. Energy is dissipated as heat through respiration, excretion, and unconsumed parts
3. Energy is converted entirely into carbon dioxide during photosynthesis
4. Primary consumers absorb all energy into bone structures

5. Which abiotic factor directly determines the maximum depth at which photosynthetic submersed aquatic plants can grow in ocean ecosystems?

1. Soil pH
2. Light intensity / penetration
3. Atmospheric pressure
4. Wind velocity

6. Two male stags fighting aggressively for territory and mating rights in the same forest exhibit which type of interaction?

1. Interspecific competition
2. Intraspecific competition
3. Predation
4. Parasitism

7. What distinguishes secondary succession from primary succession?

1. Secondary succession begins on bare rock without soil
2. Secondary succession occurs in areas where soil remains intact after a disturbance
3. Secondary succession takes thousands of years longer than primary succession
4. Secondary succession does not involve biotic components

8. In a food chain consisting of Paddy $ ightarrow$ Grasshopper $ ightarrow$ Frog $ ightarrow$ Snake, which trophic level does the frog occupy?

1. Primary consumer / 1st Trophic level
2. Primary consumer / 2nd Trophic level
3. Secondary consumer / 3rd Trophic level
4. Tertiary consumer / 4th Trophic level

9. A student captured 40 snails in a school garden, marked their shells with waterproof paint, and released them. A week later, 30 snails were captured, of which 6 were marked. What is the estimated population size of snails?

1. 200
2. 240
3. 120
4. 180

10. Which sampling technique is most appropriate for estimating the population density of plant species like Mimosa pudica in a field?

1. Line transect only
2. Capture-Mark-Release-Recapture method
3. Quadrat sampling method
4. Pheromone traps