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Quiz Chapter 12: Coordination and Response in Humans

10 questions ยท Form 4 Biology Bab 11: Coordination and Response in Humans

Question 1 of 10Score: 0

Which area of the central nervous system controls involuntary vital actions such as heart rate, breathing, and peristalsis?

Full Question List & Answer Key

Prefer reading to quizzing? All 10 questions are listed below with the answer and explanation under each one.

1. Which area of the central nervous system controls involuntary vital actions such as heart rate, breathing, and peristalsis?

  1. A. Hypothalamus
  2. B. Cerebrum
  3. C. Medulla oblongata
  4. D. Cerebellum
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Answer: C

The medulla oblongata acts as the control centre for automatic involuntary functions vital for survival.

2. Which component acts as the effector when a person squints their eyes in response to bright sunlight?

  1. A. Photoreceptor cells in retina
  2. B. Optic nerve
  3. C. Ciliary and iris sphincter muscles
  4. D. Visual cortex of the cerebrum
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Answer: C

The iris muscles contract to narrow the pupil; muscles are the effectors carrying out the motor response.

3. Which gap separates the presynaptic membrane of one neurone from the postsynaptic membrane of another?

  1. A. Node of Ranvier
  2. B. Synaptic cleft
  3. C. Central canal
  4. D. Axon terminal hillock
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Answer: B

The microscopic fluid-filled space between communicating neurones is called the synaptic cleft.

4. What type of response is a muscle contraction triggered by touching a hot iron?

  1. A. Voluntary action
  2. B. Involuntary reflex action
  3. C. Endocrine response
  4. D. Learned behavior
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Answer: B

Withdrawing a hand from a painful stimulus is an involuntary spinal reflex designed to minimize body damage quickly.

5. Which type of neurone is located completely within the central nervous system (CNS)?

  1. A. Sensory neurone
  2. B. Relay neurone (Interneurone)
  3. C. Motor neurone
  4. D. Autonomic ganglion neurone
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Answer: B

Relay neurones (interneurones) reside within the grey matter of the brain and spinal cord to connect sensory and motor pathways.

6. Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by:

  1. A. Destruction of the myelin sheath around axons
  2. B. Hyperproduction of dopamine in synapses
  3. C. Blockage of blood vessels in the cerebellum
  4. D. Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid
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Answer: A

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder where immune cells damage myelin sheaths, disrupting impulse conduction.

7. What distinguishes voluntary actions from involuntary actions?

  1. A. Voluntary actions always bypass the brain.
  2. B. Voluntary actions involve conscious control by the cerebral cortex.
  3. C. Involuntary actions are executed slower than voluntary actions.
  4. D. Involuntary actions do not require effector organs.
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Answer: B

Voluntary actions require conscious decision-making in the cerebrum, whereas involuntary actions occur automatically.

8. What prevents continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic neurone after a neurotransmitter is released?

  1. A. Enzymes break down the neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft.
  2. B. The synaptic cleft permanently closes.
  3. C. The postsynaptic membrane destroys its receptor proteins.
  4. D. Sodium ions are actively pumped out of the presynaptic knob.
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Answer: A

Enzymes (such as acetylcholinesterase) rapidly degrade neurotransmitters in the cleft so the postsynaptic membrane can reset.

9. Which part of the brain acts as the link between the nervous system and the endocrine system by regulating the pituitary gland?

  1. A. Hypothalamus
  2. B. Cerebrum
  3. C. Medulla oblongata
  4. D. Thalamus
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Answer: A

The hypothalamus integrates nervous inputs and controls pituitary hormone production to regulate homeostasis.

10. What structural feature of sensory neurones differentiates them from motor neurones?

  1. A. Sensory neurones lack an axon completely.
  2. B. Sensory neurones have a long dendron and a short axon with the cell body in a ganglion.
  3. C. Sensory neurones have multiple short dendrons attached directly to terminal effectors.
  4. D. Sensory neurones contain no myelin sheath.
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Answer: B

Sensory neurones possess a long peripheral dendron leading to a cell body located in the dorsal root ganglion, followed by a short axon entering the CNS.

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