Quiz Chapter 8: Respiratory Systems in Humans and Animals

1. An adult frog can absorb oxygen through its skin while submerged under water. What is this form of respiration called?

1. A. Tracheal respiration
2. B. Cutaneous respiration
3. C. Pulmonary respiration
4. D. Alveolar respiration

2. Which change occurs to blood pH when carbon dioxide concentration increases rapidly during heavy exercise?

1. A. Blood pH increases (becomes alkaline).
2. B. Blood pH decreases (becomes acidic).
3. C. Blood pH remains unchanged.
4. D. Blood pH fluctuates to zero.

3. The respiratory organ flap in bony fish that protects gills and helps regulate water flow pressure is the:

1. A. Spiracle
2. B. Operculum
3. C. Tracheole
4. D. Alveolus

4. Why does oxygen move from alveolar air into blood capillaries during internal gas exchange?

1. A. Active transport pumps oxygen across the membrane.
2. B. Partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar air is higher than in capillary blood.
3. C. Hemoglobin repels carbon dioxide into alveoli.
4. D. Atmospheric pressure forces red blood cells into alveoli.

5. What structural feature keeps the human trachea open and prevents it from collapsing during pressure changes?

1. A. Bony sternum plates
2. B. C-shaped rings of cartilage
3. C. Dense microfilament nets
4. D. Chitinous rings

6. Why are human capillaries and alveoli wall membranes only one cell thick?

1. A. To withstand high mechanical pressure
2. B. To shorten the diffusion distance for gas exchange
3. C. To prevent water evaporation
4. D. To store excess oxyhemoglobin

7. Which muscle movements occur during human INHALATION?

1. A. External intercostals contract; diaphragm contracts and flattens downwards.
2. B. External intercostals relax; diaphragm relaxes and curves upwards.
3. C. Internal intercostals contract; diaphragm contracts and curves upwards.
4. D. Both internal and external intercostals contract simultaneously.

8. Valved external openings along the sides of an insect's thorax and abdomen that control air entry into tracheae are called:

1. A. Bronchioles
2. B. Spiracles
3. C. Opercula
4. D. Lamellae

9. What is carbaminohemoglobin?

1. A. Hemoglobin bound to oxygen
2. B. Hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide
3. C. Hemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide
4. D. Hemoglobin bound to bicarbonate ions

10. How does a frog draw air into its mouth cavity during the first stage of ventilation?

1. A. By contracting its diaphragm
2. B. By lowering the floor of its buccal cavity while nostrils are open
3. C. By opening its operculum flap
4. D. By contracting its abdominal spiracles