Quiz Chapter 2: Respiration

1. What happens to the pressure inside the human thoracic cavity during exhalation?

1. It decreases below atmospheric pressure
2. It increases above atmospheric pressure
3. It drops to zero
4. It remains exactly equal to atmospheric pressure at all times

2. Which organ in insects serves as external openings for air to enter the tracheal network?

1. Tracheoles
2. Spiracles
3. Bronchioles
4. Gill slits

3. Which respiratory condition is characterized by the breakdown and loss of elasticity of alveolar walls, leading to reduced surface area for gas exchange?

1. Emphysema
2. Asthma
3. Bronchitis
4. Lung cancer

4. What physiological effect occurs when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide gases enter human air passages?

1. They dissolve in blood plasma and increase oxygen transport
2. They irritate and cause inflammation of the respiratory tract lining
3. They cause immediate destruction of lung cilia without coughing
4. They turn red blood cells into white blood cells

5. Carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke is dangerous because it:

1. Destroys the cilia lining the trachea
2. Binds tightly to hemoglobin, reducing oxygen transport in the blood
3. Causes uncontrolled division of lung cells
4. Forms an acidic solution that corrodes bronchial walls

6. How does heavy atmospheric haze affect plant growth?

1. It speeds up stomatal opening during the night
2. Dust particles block stomatal pores, decreasing photosynthesis and transpiration rates
3. It increases the concentration of oxygen around leaf guard cells
4. It forces guard cells to stay permanently turgid

7. When oxygen enters the bloodstream at the alveoli, it combines with hemoglobin in red blood cells to form:

1. Carboxyhemoglobin
2. Oxyhemoglobin
3. Carbaminohemoglobin
4. Hydroxyehemoglobin

8. Which component of tobacco smoke is a sticky black substance known to cause lung cancer?

1. Nicotine
2. Carbon monoxide
3. Cigarette tar
4. Sulfur dioxide

9. How does oxygen reach individual body tissue cells in an insect like a grasshopper?

1. Hemoglobin in blood cells carries oxygen from spiracles to muscles
2. Air diffuses directly through tracheoles into body tissue cells
3. Oxygen diffuses into the moist outer cuticle and enters systemic circulation
4. Gills collect dissolved oxygen from body fluid

10. At night, stomata close mainly to prevent excess loss of water. What state do guard cells enter when stomata close?

1. Turgid state
2. Flaccid state
3. Plasmolyzed state
4. Rigid state